Marketing The Role Of Capitalism In Humankind Development - 1100 Words

Marketing: The Role Of Capitalism In Humankind Development (Essay Sample) Content: Student:Tutor:Course:Date:The role of capitalism in Humankind developmentThe idea of an economic and social life of human beings in the modern society actually relies on the concept of Marxs views, regarding commodities, capital as well as fetishism that lead to human development. The aim of writing this paper is to bring out the views of Marxs concerning the idea of capitalism as a unique force that exists in the social life of human development history.It is true that having many achievements in terms of technology as compared to previous societies we are still helpless due to that fact that we have created forces that distract our own development. Bearing this in mind we have never enjoyed the benefits of our labour as it is undermined by the existence of our own. The most surprising thing is that we are cable of producing enough of what we have to satisfy everyone on this plant (Judy 1). Yet most of the lives within our own plant are languishing in poverty as well as being destroyed by epidemics that exists in this world. Although we have the power to control the existence of our own resources, our society is affected by many challenges such as insecurity, conflicts among us as well as the power that exist as disasters that are natural. The more we increase population in our own urban centers the more we feel lonely and being isolated among ourselves.Regarding Marxs views, these were actually contradictions that existed when the system was still at its tender age. Marx noted that there were scientific forces as well as industrial forces that entered into human life past history resulting in symptoms of decay, hence surpassing the Roman Empire horrors (Marx 31). In our days everything seems to be eroded and becoming more contrary as we expected since the introduction of machinery has actually eliminated the human labour making these machines being overworked.Marxs introduced the theory of alienation in order to bring out the activity that lie s within the dominating society and impersonal forces that controls this society. He emphasized that the type of social order we live in looks to be quite natural and is determined by us, it exists as a result of our past human actions. Marx continued to illustrate that not only the actions of the past humans beings created the modern society but also the actions of human could have transformed the future world to be free from any kind of contradiction of capitalism (Mandel Novak 20). In addition, Marx developed a theory that is actually materialist on how society shaped the human being that surrounds it, more so how the human beings could act to transform the society, and how the people within that society are world determined as well as being world producing. According to Marx alienation was not imparted within the religion or in the mind as compared to his counterparts like Hegel and Feuerbach. In fact, Marx understood the idea of alienation as something that exists within the m aterial world (Mandel Novak 20). Alienation based on Marx means the loss of direction, majorly the loss of direction on the side of labour. In order to realize as to why Marx relied on the basic of labour, we have to narrow down to the idea of human nature based on Marx explanation.Concerning the human nature, Marx disagreed with the idea of common sense which human have as being a fixed nature that exists on its own independently as compared to the society that surrounds us. He illustrated that there are many ways which attribute to the unchanging performance of human and actually it varies largely in various social order. Furthermore, Marx did not disregard the idea of human existence but suggested that if labour acted as a consistent feature to satisfy the human needs in the whole societies; hence nature should not impose human existence to a condition (Judy 1). The human beings have to work relying on nature so as to survive like other animals. The development of consciousness of the human being made the labour of human being to be differentiated from that of other animals. As a result of this Marx termed it as a beginning of Capital in his famous description.The natural world is not only altered by working on nature but also the idea of the labourer himself. Marx emphasized this idea by considering capital, whereby an external world can be changed if there are changes in its own nature. This means that labour is something dynamic and acts as a process through which the labourer is in a position to mold and shape the world he lives in making to create and also innovate himself. Through this Marx termed our c...

Romantic Literature - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 778 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Throughout history the role of women in literature has changed significantly and rapidly. A great example of this can be seen through the difference between the Anglo Saxon time period and the Norman time period. In the Anglo Saxon time period the main genre of focus is Heroic poetry which centers on men and more often than not women are considered insubstantial especially when compared to the women we see in the Norman genre of romance. In Romantic literature women are portrayed as powerful, sexual figures who are the object of lust and whose desires come before that of the mans. The differences between Anglo-saxon and Norman literatures view on women is clear especially when looking at works from the time period such as Beowulf from the Anglo-saxon period and Lanval from the Norman time period. In both of these works the women mentioned in them are supernatural creatures yet are completely different in how they use their   powers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Romantic Literature" essay for you Create order In Beowulf the supernatural female antagonist in the story is Grendels mother. Due to the fact that Beowulf is Heroic Poetry women are either docile or needed to be rid of, unfortunately Grendels mother falls into the latter. She is even described as related to a [as a] demon, as a fiend, as disgusting, immoral and savage. After Beowulf kills her son she becomes enraged and takes part in an epic battle with him. It is in this battle that we see her supernatural powers of strength and determination. This powers are considered There were many times throughout this fight that she almost overpowered him, but in the end she was defeated. This shows that Grendels mother possess supernatural powers that are tough and rugged especially when compared to those in Lanval. In Lanval the hero and the villian are both female. This is very important considering the fact that in Beowulf none of the women were named nevermind had such essential roles. The female that breaks the gender roles seen in Anglo Saxon literature such as Beowulf is the Mistress. She not only rescues the protagonist from death at the end of the story but also controls the terms of their relationship. This is something not seen before romantic literature. A common theme throughout romantic literature is womens desires so its not surprising that the mistress body and characteristics are described as supernaturally beautiful. He looks at her; he sees her beauty; Love pricks him, strikes in him the spark Now his heart blazes in the dark. (117-119, Marie de France, Lanval ). She is so beautiful that he falls in love with her at first glance, this is because she is a magical creature that is otherworldly and so is her beauty. The mistress also has the power to give Lanval an endless abundance of gold, so much so that he is able to share the wealth. This can be seen in Lines 135-142 She gives a present: Anything he may ever want Hell get, as far as his needs extend; Generously he may give and spend She will find the wherewithal. Lanval has found a noble hostel: The more he spends, in buying bold, The more hell have of silver and gold. (Lanval, Marie de France) This shows her supernatural abilities of giving gifts, including the gift of herself and an endless amount of riches. This is a girlish ability especially in the sense of her abnormal beauty. Her powers are very feminine which is a great contrast between the powers seen in Grendels mother. The Mistress from Lanval and Grendels mother from Beowulf are completely different in every sense of the word. The Mistress has striking beauty which intrigues men and grabs the affection of Lanval while Grendels mother is described to be a hideous grotesque monster. Their supernatural abilities are also fundamentally different, Grendels mother had brute strength and her supernatural abilities could be described a barberic, while The mistresses abilities are elegant and feminine. The way they use their abilities are also like night and day, The mistress uses her powers to lure men, give them what they want, and also save them. While Grendels mother uses her powers to defeat and try to kill men. The two female characters are completely different and come from completely different worlds. This is because when Beowulf was written when women were not consider significant or useful in any manner. While Lanval was written in a time that Romantic literature was popular making women and their needs the main role within that genre. So the two women not only have differences in appearances and supernatural abilities but also in the way their genres and cultures appreciated women.

Female Monologues of Bad Mother Characters

Career Planning and Development.Doc - 3746 Words

CAREER PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION:- The term career planning is frequently used in relation young boys and girls studying at the college level. College students are expected to consider their qualities (physical and mental), psychological make-up, likes and dislikes, inclinations, etc. and decide what they want to be in their life. In other words, they should decide what they want to achieve in their life and adjust their education and other activities accordingly. This means they have to plan their career. In such career planning, parents, family members and college teachers offer helping hand and guide young boys and girls in selecting the most suitable career. Lot of literature, psychological tests etc. are also†¦show more content†¦2) To attract and retain the right type of persons in the organization. 3) To utilize available managerial talent within the organization fully. 4) To achieve higher productivity and organizational development. 5) To provide guidance and assistance to employees to develop their potentials to the highest level. 6) To improve employee morale and motivation by providing training and opportunities for promotion. SCOPE OF ORGANISATIONAL CAREER PLANNING:- The following activities/areas are covered within the scope of organizational career planning: a) HUMAN RESOURCE FORECASTING AND PLANNING:- Here, efforts will be made to identify the number of employees required in future. In addition, the selection procedure will be adjusted with the overall strategic goals of the organization. b) CAREER INFORMATION:- Here, information relating to career opportunities (promotions, training for self development, etc) will be supplied to employees. Supplying career information/opportunities has special significance as this motivates employees to grow and reach to higher position. c) CAREER COUNSELLING:- Such counselling is next to supplying career information. Career counselling is possible by senior executives through periodic discussions with their subordinates. Such career guidance encourages subordinate employees to take interest in certain areas where suitable opportunities of career development are avail able. It is a type of internal

Substance Use Disorder Within Mental Health Patients

Substance use disorder in mental health patients poses a major concern to clinicians in psychiatry. The disorder generally is associated with an underlying mental health condition(s), however, there are multiple theories suggesting psychological to neurological and probably multifactorial etiological profile. Substance abuse and substance dependence which are the former terms that were used to define one with the disorder has been grouped into a set category of substance use disorder by the 2013 Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (APA, 2013). Furthermore, there is a certain number of diagnostic criteria as well as severity that must be met to best guide care services of the patient with a substance use or polysubstance use disorder. Identification of High-Risk Population Definition of Substance Use Disorder and Etiology The word substance can describe a drug of abuse, a medication or a toxin that produces psycho activation and alters cognitive, behavioral, and affective perception; furthermore, addiction has been conceptualized as a disease, yet little is known about the underlying pathophysiology (Johnson, Vanderhoef, 2013). Most common theories that have contributed to some understanding to the substance abuse and addiction are described by Johnson Vanderhoef (2013) as psychodynamic which within this theory is the oral stage fixation where a person seeks gratification through oral behaviors; maladaptive regressive behaviorsShow MoreRelatedMental Health Parity And Addiction Equity Act1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) was enacted on October 3, 2008 as sections 511 and 512 of the Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008. MHPAEA amends the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERIS A), the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (Federal Register, 2013). The MHPAEA is an extension of the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996, which prohibited annual or aggregateRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual ( Dsm V )829 Words   |  4 PagesWorld Health Organization (WHO) (1995) are two similar systems (though not identical) which clinicians use to offer dependence diagnosing criteria by objectively identifying substance misuse and mental health disorder. According to Cooper (2011) dual diagnosis, co-morbidity, co-existence or co-occurring are terms used to identify the combination of substance use and mental health problems. (SOURCE) states that dual diagnosis, co-morbidity, co-existence, co-occurring, mental ill health, mental distressRead MoreThe Prevalence of Co-Occurring Disorders Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesPREVALENCE OF CO-OCCURRING DISORDERS The Prevalence of Co-Occurring Disorders Launita D. Joseph Grand Canyon University August 15, 2012 The Prevalence of Co-Occurring Disorders When a counselor has a new client they are working with, the client has to be assessed. When being assessed the counselor has to determine what issues the client may have. Through being assessed, the counselor may come to realize the client has more than one issue which is called co-occurring disorders. At this point theRead MoreDrug Use And Substance Use Disorder Patients1291 Words   |  6 Pagesepidemic status with substance use disorder patients. There are many reasons to why we all should be concerned as a nation; however, this very problem is an essential topic globally. 230 million drug users are found worldwide and 19.9 million of those are Americans that have used illicit drugs in the year 2007 alone (as cited in Michael’s House, n.d); Furthermore, America makes up 4 percent of the global population and our nation manages to occupy two-third of the illegal drug use worldwide (as citedRead MoreThe Field Of Mental Health1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of mental he alth has evolved over the last century and a half due to medical advancements in the field. Mental illness is no longer seen as a hopeless situation for Americans to deal with. People with mental challenges can have productive lives with the proper treatment. Today, fewer stigmas are associated with having mental illness. A more humane approach occurs in psychiatric medicine than in the past decades. The practice of lobotomy was stopped in 1967 it was a controversial procedureRead MoreMental Illness Refers To A Wide Range Of Mental Health1742 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness refers to a wide range of mental health disorders that can affect mood, behavior, and cognition. Multiple factors such as genetics, environment and lifestyle can influence whether someone develops a mental health condition. â€Å"The four D’s† model is often used in psychiatry to distinguish normal from â€Å"abnormal† mental state. In other words, this model makes it easier to understan d characteristics of people who have a mental disorder. The four Ds stands for behaviors or thinking processesRead MoreMental Health And Substance Use Disorder1340 Words   |  6 PagesSerious mental illness (SMI) impacts a person’s thinking, mood, capability to maintain relationships, and overall ability to maintain normal activities of daily living. Treatment is necessary for all individuals with a serious mental illness. Along with family and friends, the community is impacted when supportive treatment options cannot be obtained by a person with a SMI. The Omaha/Council Bluffs metropolitan area, along with the state of Nebraska, have challenges to overcome to ensure thisRead MoreThe Mental Health Parity And Addiction Equity Act Of 20081410 Words   |  6 Pageskey part in mental health care services available to the public. They can determine what options and treatments are available and how much an individual will pay for them. Recent policies including the Mental He alth Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008, the Affordable Care Act, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act work to expand access to coverage. It is important to know how policies play a role in the health care that individuals receive. The Mental Health Parity andRead MoreI Am Writing About The Bill s Mental Health Care Access Act1248 Words   |  5 PagesDeepa Oja and I reside in your district 7. I am writing to support your bill H.R. 1604, Veteran’s Mental Health Care access Act, which you cosponsor. The bill calls for veterans to be eligible for mental health care at non Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, regardless of when they enrolled in the VA health care system or seek care at a VA facility, or the location of the veteran s residence. Mental illness is very common among men and women who serve in our military. According to American PsychiatricRead MoreInterpersonal Theory Of Suicide And Suicide1275 Words   |  6 Pagespredictor of engaging in suicidal behaviour is depression. Furthermore, it was found that 15% of clinically depressed patients would take their own lives. (HOLT). Those are only statistics but they can in no way describe the misery in which people find themselves. There are many differing factors that contribute to a person engaging in suicidal behaviour such as loss, history of mental disorder and environmental factors. There are also many theories of suicide that integrate these established risk factors

The Olympic Games And The Economic Development On The Host...

Literature Review The Olympic Games and the impact on the infrastructural development on the host country The Olympic Games is known today as the most visible and spectacular International Public Event. Over the last 20years, the Games have experienced unparalleled growth and universal popularity. The first modern Olympics held in Athens in 1896 attracted 311 athletes from 13 countries. In 2000, the Sydney Games involved 10,651 athletes from 199 countries, with ticket sales of 6.7 million and another 3.7 billion watching on television .In addition, the IOC and the Sydney Organizing Committee for the 2000 Olympic Games (SOCOG) generated about US$3billion during the period 1997 – 2000 from the marketing of the Games. The estimated budget for Athens 2004 Games was â‚ ¬4.5billion, however, the final expense topped â‚ ¬11billion .The Games in Athens 2004 provided the city with an excellent opportunity to present itself globally as a modern, well designed and well run metropolis with modern facilities and infrastructure symbolic of quality of life and economic investment. China on the other hand invested about $40billion in infrastructure alone from 2002 to 2006 . In addition, the Games had a tremendous influence on Beijing’s economic development, environment, advertising, television, internet, mobile phone, clean energy and sports sectors .This Games also led to the development of 25 historic areas in Beijing, which includes: many of the city’s landmarks, old streets and imperialShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Post Olympic Games On The Olympics1118 Words   |  5 Pages‘Bubble economy’ is the third reason of the ‘valley’ effect of post-Olympic Games. Bef ore the Olympics, many tourists and company go into the Olympic host country to consume. They will largely promote this country s development of the construction industry, tourism, services, retail and other industries. Especially in tourism, the Olympic Games will bring numerous tourists for host city, and these tourists will consume in the city, and these tourists need pay for food, accommodation, transport,Read MoreThe Impact Of Olympic Games On Tourism And Hospitality Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesin the rapid development. This is a high-speed development in the 21st century, especially tourism and hospitality. It is a big trend in tourism industry, lots of people because Olympic Games, stars, attractions and movies are fascinated. Because of this kind of industry, it will be a high salary in tourism and hospitality. Also, it will increase income tax, marking, local communities, great attractions, historical staff and natural environment. This paper will talk about Olympic Gam es impact tourismRead MoreDoes Holding the Olympic Games Have Benefits for the Host Countryï ¼Å¸1550 Words   |  7 PagesAGRUMENTATIVE ESSAY Does holding the Olympic Games have benefits for the host countryï ¼Å¸ In recent years, the Olympic Games have developed into one of the most significant mega-international sporting events (Rocheï ¼Å'2000). More and more cities are bidding to host the Olympics and increasingly money are invested in Olympic bids, which is due to the reason that the government believe that they could get benefits from suchRead MoreBeijing Olympic Economy Essay example1558 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizing the Olympic Game made its last statement in Moscow. Deng Yaping, the image messenger for applying for the Olympic Games and famous Ping-pang player, stated in her report,â€Å"in the torch relay in Sydney, a little boy came up to me, when he touched the torch, his eyes immediately became bright. I can feel that at that time his whole life has changed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Someone sums up Deng Yaping’s statement as: The Olympic Games can change the whole life of a person. Someone further inferred: The Olympic GamesRead MoreNick Mootz. Period 3. Ap English 11. Eilertsen 3. Behind1274 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 11 Eilertsen 3 Behind the Mask of the Olympics Most people think of the Olympics as just a way for the world to join together and athletically compete but hidden behind the curtain of glory and valor, natives suffer through poverty from the unbalanced economy that is correlated with the hosting of the Olympic games. CNN and other news channels manage to capture the fantastics of the games, but always seem to avoid the discrepancies within the host nation. Why should the innocent suffer at theRead MoreDeveloping Countries Entering A Bid For Host Major Sports Events1516 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing number of less-developed countries entering a bid to host major sport events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup. Less-developed countries, also called developing countries or newly-industrialised countries, are defined according to the HDI (Human Development Index), which is composed of some measurable elements such as GNP (Gross National Product) per capita, number of years schooling and life expectancy (European Commi ssion 2011). Some countries that are regarded as developingRead MoreThe Beijing Olympics Olympic Games1476 Words   |  6 PagesHosting the Olympic Games is thought of as one of the great honor that a country can receive in the eyes of the world. By hosting the Olympic Games, this can provide a host country the opportunity to represent their nation-states with a universally legitimate way to present and promote their national identities and culture. The 2008 Beijing Olympics played a significant role in the social life of China and efficiently influence not only the history and grand socioeconomics transformation and modernizationRead MoreAn Historic Mega Event Such As The Olympics Brings Together1628 Words   |  7 PagesAn historic mega event such as the Olympics brings together nations from all over the globe to encourage young athletes by creating national pride, as well as celebrating sport. The first modern Olympics was held in 1896, encouraging cities across the world to co mpete, and host the event. Canada has hosted the Olympics three times in the past: summer in 1976 in Montreal, the Winter Olympics of 1988 in Calgary, and most recently, the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver (Junyk, 2016). This paper willRead MoreThe Olympics Of Rio De Janeiro Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesworld goes into a clamor for the Olympic Games, and cities aggressively bid for the right to host these events. Cities literally fight for the right to hold these games and spend exorbitant amounts of money in the hopes of bringing the worlds Olympiad’s to their municipality. But, is the prestige of being the host worth it for the host city? It is becoming more apparent that these endeavors are detrimental to the economy, if you look at the five most recent summer Olympics; Rio de Janeiro, London, BeijingRead MoreSustainable Tourism And Its Practices Within A Hallmark Event960 Words   |  4 PagesPAPER LONDON OLYMPICS, 2012 MOHIT PARTAP SINGH CONTENT Summary Overview Introduction Social impact Economic impact Environmental impact Opinion Conclusion Summary: This paper discuses about the sustainable tourism and its practices within a hallmark event. Sustainable tourism is very important because tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industry and is major source of income of some countries. Tourism industry provide many jobs that help local economy. Olympic movement has

Moral Issues in Business Social and Environmental Imperatives

Question: Discuss about theMoral Issues in Businessfor Social and Environmental Imperatives. Answer: Introduction CSR, or Corporate Social Responsibility, is the manner in which the companies achieve a unique balance of the economic, social and environmental imperatives, and at the same time, it addresses the expectations of its stakeholders (Schwartz, 2011). There are two views which are related to CSR, one is a broad view and the other is the narrow view (Shaw et al., 2017). In the following parts, an argument has been constructed to favor the broad view of the CSR. And to support this view, the theory given by Kant has been used. In this essay, both the sides of view, i.e., the narrow view and the broad view have been thoroughly analyzed and arguments have been provided to support or contradict them. In the end, it has been established that the broad view of CSR is more compelling in comparison to the narrow view. CSR CSR is a form of self regulatory mechanism, which is undertaken by the organizations to ensure the compliance of the law in letter, as well as, spirit and to follow the ethical standards followed internationally (Kotler Lee, 2011). CSR integrates the social concerns of a business with their operations. Under CSR, a triple bottom approach is adopted in which equilibrium is attained between the people, profit and planet. It acts as a moral agent for the organizations to fulfill the obligations they have towards the society and the environment. It also puts a check over the organizations to not harm either the society or the environment, for profit maximization (Amaeshi, Nnodim Onyeka, 2013). Arguments for the Broad View THE BROAD VIEW The broad view of CSR states the socio economic view, as per which all of the organizations carrying business are a part of a large society and their responsibilities are not restricted to a mere profit maximization. Under this view, the interest of the company, relating to the financial aspect, does not overshadow its responsibilities towards the society. And with the passage of time, the broad view is gaining momentum, as more and more business houses are adopting CSR in addition to their economical interests (Mallin, 2016). Argument 1 Argument 2 Argument 3 Social purpose The organizations are the creations of human being and they have been invented to serve the needs of the humans. Along with earning profits, the organizations have the obligation in addition to this pursuit. The profit making duty is trumped by the other responsibilities of the company. Organizations owe a duty towards their stakeholders, which include the environment, customers, employees and suppliers. So, they have the power to influence a number of elements from the society (Kotler Maon, 2016). Corporations have power The organizations are widespread and touch a number of aspects while conducting their business. So, their actions have the power to affect the society and the environment, in both positive and negative manner. Since the companies have so much power, it is accompanies by that much responsibilities too. Being large and influential in nature, the businesses owe some obligations towards the society (Shaw Barry, 2015). The social contract The organizations have an obligation to consider the impact it leaves over the society. Being the creation of humans, it has to take care of its creators and see to it that its actions do not harm its creators. And so, they have to consider the interests of the society which can be impacted due to their actions. There is a universal contract amid the business and the society. As per this contract, the society makes all the rules and sets out the responsibilities for the organizations to operate under. So, while carrying on the business, they have to abide by the norms of the society (Shaw Barry, 2015). Arguments against Arguments against Arguments against The Stakeholder model argument contends that the corporations have duty towards all of its stakeholders, who can be affected by its actions and can include any party which is affected by the company doing or not doing something. This goes being their duty towards the clients, environment, environment, employees and the like. So, the wide ambit of stakeholders could have grave ramifications for the stakeholders (Shaw Barry, 2015). Again the stakeholder model argument applies. The ambit of wide stakeholders makes the responsibilities wider. So, the companies may unknowingly affect such stakeholders which are not recognized or directly influenced as a result of their actions (Shaw Barry, 2015). The Syncretic model recognizes the interdependence of society and business. But at the same time, it highlights the failure of recognizing this interdependence in business houses favour as the society leads to the reduction in the productivity of the initiatives taken under CSR (Shaw Barry, 2015). Make a judgement what do you think? I support the arguments in favour, as it is clear that the organizations are created by humans and hence it has to work in favour of its stakeholders. And since the organizations work on a large scale, it is bound to adhere to a wide range of stakeholders. Make a judgement what do you think? With power come responsibilities, whether it is for humans or organizations. So, they have to, and do fulfil these responsibilities. Make a judgement what do you think? CSR have been implemented to attain a balance of the three Ps. By attaining this balance, the organizations are successfully able to achieve the objectives laid down for all the three Ps. The analysis of arguments, both in support and against, clearly shows that the support outweighs. The actions of the organizations are not focused on merely the attainment of profit, but upon the fulfilling its obligations laid down for the society and the environment. Arguments for the Narrow View THE NARROW VIEW The narrow view supports the notion that the businesses work for the sole aim of earning profits and profit maximization. Moreover, the only responsibility which the organizations owe towards the society relates to providing the necessary goods and services to them, so as to provide the maximum amount of profits to its shareholders (Woermann, 2012). Argument 1 Argument 2 Argument 3 Argument 4 The invisible hand This is based on the contention of Adam Smith regarding the notion that people and organizations, in a free market, should be left to promote their self interest on economic basis. While doing so, they are guided by the invisible hand to promote the greater good for general public. This should be done by the organizations too, since they are not the moral agents. By leaving them alone, the corporations would attain the greater good in their pursuit of self interest (Shaw Barry, 2015). Let Governments do it As per this argument, government is responsible for regulating the behaviour of the organizations for ensuring that they act in an ethical manner (Shaw Barry, 2015). Corporations lack ethics expertise. The corporations lack the moral and social expertise to make a decision which is not considered as an economic decision. They are not suited and hence cannot be trusted with the responsibility of promoting social welfare (Shaw Barry, 2015). Materialisation of society If the companies are allowed to have the power and influence for CSR, then it would be used to make the society more materialistic, as well as, commercial, by aiding the profit motive (Shaw Barry, 2015). Arguments against Arguments against Arguments against Arguments against The present corporations have negligible or no similarity to the ones that were present in Adam Smiths time. So, there is a need to adopt the evolved views (Shaw Barry, 2015). This would lead to intrusive governments. Also, it is doubtful that government would be successful in regulating the probable unethical behaviour of companies. Moreover, governments cannot predict the likely actions or behaviour to act in a proactive manner (Shaw Barry, 2015). The examples of private organizations, doing good for the society have depicted that they can work for public welfare (Shaw Barry, 2015). This argument clearly ignores the fact that the companies have huge social power already and the commercialization and materialization is already being done (Shaw Barry, 2015). Make a judgement what do you think? Unless the interest of society is kept it mind, it would not automatically result in general welfare. Personal goals often contradict with society and hence, cannot be assumed to result in greater good. Make a judgement what do you think? The number of organizations makes it hard for the governments to keep a track on the organizations and hence, they cannot predict the behaviour of the companies. Make a judgement what do you think? More and more organizations are following CSR practices, which clearly prove the supporting argument wrong. Make a judgement what do you think? The presence of materialization again proves the supporting argument wrong. The presence of initiatives by the companies for benefit of society proves that they work towards the public welfare. Moreover, the governments are inadequate in fulfilling social obligations and the personal motives mostly contradict the social motives. So, the arguments against this view clearly prove the notion that the companies work for more than just the economic purpose. Why the Broad View Arguments are More Compelling In this age of internet, the organizations are consciences on what they do and hence they follow CSR practices, to both fulfill their obligations and to create a good image. This is the reason they do more than just profit maximization. There are a number of organizations in the present time which can be taken as an example of doing more than just economic objectives. They are taking initiatives in fulfilling their duty towards the society and the environment, as these are its key stakeholders. So, the broad view is more compelling as against the narrow view (Crane, 2008). Justifying My Position Outline of Kant's Ethics A commendable example of a through nonconsequentialist approach was given by the German philosopher name Immanuel Kant. He sought out the moral principles which did not rest over the contingencies and which defined the actions as wrong or right inherently, save for the specific situations. He believed that the moral reasoning could not be based on the factual knowledge and the results of the things done, cannot determine if such actions are correct or incorrect (Shaw Barry, 2015). Universal Law In Kants ethics, the categorical imperative is the unconditional moral obligation and is binding in each and every situation. Moreover, this does not depend upon the purpose or the inclination of an individual. Kan believed that the moral rules are not imposed from outside and are legislated through the own acts of the individuals. He believed that a person would be treated in the same manner as he treats other and this was a universal law (Nyholm, 2015). So, the acts of the organizations define how they want to be treated. Good will According to Kant, the only thing which can be termed as good, without any kind of qualification is the good will. Kant argued that all other things, like courage, wealth or health, have problems and can be used for ill purposes, and hence, cannot be good intrinsically. And despite all encroachments, good will is the only unconditional good. He even believed that to be happy, one needs to possess a good will (Shaw Barry, 2015). It is the duty of the companies to fulfill its CSR obligations. And by doing so, good will is attained. So, by working for the society, the broad view of CSR is supported under Kants theory. Means to an End Kant believed that the rational individuals should be treated as an end in themselves, instead of being treated as a means for something else. This was because the humans have value in themselves. Hence, if an individual is taken to be an end-in-themselves it means that the inherent value of such individuals is not dependent upon anything else. It is irrespective if the individual enjoys their life or makes the life of others better (Louden, 2011). This is the reason why the stakeholders are treated as the focus for any of the activities of the companies. By keeping the interests of the stakeholders in mind, the companies can achieve their objectives, which are based on both economic and social factors. Analysis The theory of Kant supports the broad view of CSR. Any organization which follows the views of Kant on the ethics for operating or for basing their procedures or polices, would remain sound on ethical basis, and would also operate on a level which is ethically accepted by the society and the community. This is because Kants theory believes in doing good, as one wants to do for themselves. Moreover, Kant believed in treating humans as the end-in-themselves. Under CSR too, the companies treat the society as the end. And so, it works in a manner through which the society is bettered. The CSR policies are based on doing what is best, instead of doing what could be treated as correct. This ultimately results in the correct action. By treating the society in a proper manner and working in their favor, the company can be assumed to be working for themselves as per Kants theory. Conclusion From the above analysis of the CSRs narrow and broad view, it can be concluded that the broad view of the CSR is much more compelling. This is because the organizations nowadays are focused upon working for the society and for the environment. They have realized the importance of the society and environment as their stakeholders. And by focusing on these as the stakeholders, the organizations have been successful in attaining higher profits. So, the CSR policies following the broad view ultimately benefit the companies. The Kant theory emphasizes in treating the others in a manner in which a person wants to be treated themselves. And so, if an organization wants to benefit itself, it has to benefit the others too. Hence, by working for the society, the organizations can work for themselves. And this is why, it can be concluded that the broad view of CSR is in line with the ethical theory of Kant. References Amaeshi, K., Nnodim, P., Onyeka, O. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation. New York: Routledge. Crane, A. (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kotler, P., Lee, N. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Kotler, P., Maon, F. (2016). A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: Pressures, Conflicts, and Reconciliation. Oxon: Routledge. Louden, R.B. (2011). Kant's Human Being: Essays on His Theory of Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mallin, C. (2016). Corporate Governance (5th ed.). Oxon: Oxford University Press. Nyholm, S. (2015). Revisiting Kant's Universal Law and Humanity Formulas. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Schwartz, M.S. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility: An Ethical Approach. Ontario: Broadview Press. Shaw, W.H., Barry, V. (2015) Moral Issues in Business (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Shaw, W.H., Barry, V., Issa, T., Catley, B., Muntean, D. (2017). Moral Issues in Business (3rd Asia- Pacific ed.). Victoria: Cengage Learning Australia. Woermann, M. (2012). On the (Im)Possibility of Business Ethics: Critical Complexity, Deconstruction, and Implications for Understanding the Ethics of Business. Dordrecht: Springer.